During the reconnaissance phase, a penetration tester collected the following information
from the DNS records: A-----> www
A-----> host
TXT --> vpn.comptia.org SPF---> ip =2.2.2.2
Which of the following DNS records should be in place to avoid phishing attacks using spoofing domain techniques?
Correct Answer:
C
DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) is an email authentication protocol that helps prevent email spoofing and phishing. It builds on SPF (Sender Policy Framework) and DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) to provide a mechanism for email senders and receivers to improve and monitor the protection of the domain from fraudulent email.
✑ Understanding DMARC:
✑ Implementing DMARC:
✑ Benefits of DMARC:
✑ DMARC Record Components:
✑ Real-World Example:
✑ References from Pentesting Literature: Step-by-Step ExplanationReferences:
✑ Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
✑ HTB Official Writeups
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DRAG DROP
During a penetration test, you gain access to a system with a limited user interface. This machine appears to have access to an isolated network that you would like to port scan.
INSTRUCTIONS
Analyze the code segments to determine which sections are needed to complete a port scanning script.
Drag the appropriate elements into the correct locations to complete the script.
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.
Solution:
Does this meet the goal?
Correct Answer:
A
HOTSPOT
You are a security analyst tasked with hardening a web server.
You have been given a list of HTTP payloads that were flagged as malicious. INSTRUCTIONS
Given the following attack signatures, determine the attack type, and then identify the associated remediation to prevent the attack in the future.
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.
Solution:
* 1. Reflected XSS - Input sanitization (<> ...)
* 2. Sql Injection Stacked - Parameterized Queries
* 3. DOM XSS - Input Sanitization (<> ...)
* 4. Local File Inclusion - sandbox req
* 5. Command Injection - sandbox req
* 6. SQLi union - paramtrized queries
* 7. SQLi error - paramtrized queries
* 8. Remote File Inclusion - sandbox
* 9. Command Injection - input saniti $
* 10. URL redirect - prevent external calls
Does this meet the goal?
Correct Answer:
A
During a penetration testing engagement, a tester targets the internet-facing services used by the client. Which of the following describes the type of assessment that should be considered in this scope of work?
Correct Answer:
C
An external assessment focuses on testing the security of internet-facing services. Here??s why option C is correct:
✑ External Assessment: It involves evaluating the security posture of services exposed to the internet, such as web servers, mail servers, and other public-facing infrastructure. The goal is to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers from outside the organization??s network.
✑ Segmentation: This type of assessment focuses on ensuring that different parts of a network are appropriately segmented to limit the spread of attacks. It??s more relevant to internal network architecture.
✑ Mobile: This assessment targets mobile applications and devices, not general internet-facing services.
✑ Web: While web assessments focus on web applications, the scope of an external assessment is broader and includes all types of internet-facing services.
References from Pentest:
✑ Horizontall HTB: Highlights the importance of assessing external services to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited from outside the network.
✑ Luke HTB: Demonstrates the process of evaluating public-facing services to ensure their security.
Conclusion:
Option C, External, is the most appropriate type of assessment for targeting internet-facing services used by the client.
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A penetration tester wants to check the security awareness of specific workers in the company with targeted attacks. Which of the following attacks should the penetration tester perform?
Correct Answer:
D
Spear phishing is a targeted email attack aimed at specific individuals within an organization. Unlike general phishing, spear phishing is personalized and often involves extensive reconnaissance to increase the likelihood of success.
✑ Understanding Spear Phishing:
✑ Purpose:
✑ Process:
✑ References from Pentesting Literature: Step-by-Step ExplanationReferences:
✑ Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
✑ HTB Official Writeups
=================
